CC Exam Based Reference Study Guide

Last Updated:  04/16/2026

Table of Contents
Cardiovascular

Schwaiger M, Brunken RC, Krivokapich J, Child JS, Tillisch JH, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Beneficial effect of residual anterograde flow on tissue viability as assessed by positron emission tomography in patients with myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1987 Sep;8(9):981-8. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062375. PMID: 3499320.
Slart RHJA; Writing group; Reviewer group; FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: joint procedural recommendation of the EANM, SNMMI, and the PET Interest Group (PIG), and endorsed by the ASNC. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45(7):1250-1269. doi:10.1007/s00259-018-3973-8
Selvaraj S, Bravo PE. How to prepare a patient for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging to assess myocardial inflammation. J Nucl Cardiol. 2024;38:101888. doi:10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101888
Cerci RJ, Arbab-Zadeh A, George RT, et al. Aligning coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion territories: an algorithm for the CORE320 multicenter study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(5):587-595. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.970608
Henzlova MJ, Cerqueira MD, Hansen CL, et al. Stress protocols and tracers. ASNC guidelines.
Gillmore JD, Maurer MS, Falk RH, et al. Nonbiopsy Diagnosis of Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Circulation. 2016;133(24):2404-2412. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021612
Regadenoson package insert, Astellas.
Roman CD, Habibian MR, Martin WH. Identification of an infected left ventricular assist device after cardiac transplant by indium-111 WBC scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med. 2005 Jan;30(1):16-7. PubMed PMID: 15604960.  Retrospective Study Comparing WBC scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Suspected Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection. Puges, Mathilde et al. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 6, 876 – 884  Litzler PY, Manrique A, Etienne M, Salles A, Edet-Sanson A, Vera P, Bessou JP, Hitzel A. Leukocyte SPECT/CT for detecting infection of left-ventricular-assist devices: preliminary results. J Nucl Med. 2010 Jul;51(7):1044-8. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.070664. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PubMed PMID: 20554736.
Tezuka D, Haraguchi G, Ishihara T, Ohigashi H, Inagaki H, Suzuki J, Hirao K, Isobe M. Role of FDG PET-CT in Takayasu arteritis: sensitive detection of recurrences. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Apr;5(4):422-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.01.013. PMID: 22498333.
Agarwal V, DePuey EG. Regadenoson and seizures: a real clinical concern. J Nucl Cardiol. 2014 Oct;21(5):869-70. doi: 10.1007/s12350-014-9970-9. Epub 2014 Aug 23. PMID: 25150095.
Williams KA, Hill KA, Sheridan CM. Noncardiac findings on dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10(4):395-402. doi:10.1016/s1071-3581(03)00524-5
ASNC Practice Points 99mTechnetium-Pyrophosphate Imaging for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis; https://www.asnc.org/Files/Practice%20Resources/Practice%20Points/ASNC%20Practice%20Point-99mTechnetiumPyrophosphateImaging2016.pdf
Wale et al. AJR 2015; 205:160–172
Neumar RW, Otto CW, Link MS, Kronick SL, Shuster M, Callaway CW, Kudenchuk PJ, Ornato JP, McNally B, Silvers SM, Passman RS, White RD, Hess EP, Tang W, Davis D, Sinz E, Morrison LJ. Part 8: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S729-67. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970988. Erratum in: Circulation. 2011 Feb 15;123(6):e236. Erratum in: Circulation. 2013 Dec 24;128(25):e480. PMID: 20956224.
Taqueti VR, Di Carli MF. Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease in the era of multimodality cardiovascular imaging. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 May-Jun;57(6):644-53. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25770849; PMCID: PMC5926794.
Anognostopoulos CD, Nihoyannopoulos P, Bax JJ, et al.  Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia.  Springer-Verlag. London. 2006.
Puges M, Bérard X, Ruiz JB, Debordeaux F, Desclaux A, Stecken L, Pereyre S, Hocquelet A, Bordenave L, Pinaquy JB, Cazanave C. Retrospective Study Comparing WBC scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Suspected Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019 Jun;57(6):876-884. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.12.032. Epub 2019 May 23. PMID: 31130421.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31130421/   Mahmoodi Z, Salarzaei M, Sheikh M. Prosthetic vascular graft infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of 18FDG PET/CT. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Mar;70(3):219-229. doi: 10.1007/s11748-021-01682-6. Epub 2021 Jul 26. PMID: 34309812.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34309812/
Chareonthaitawee P, Beanlands RS, Chen W, Dorbala S, Miller EJ, Murthy VL, Birnie DH, Chen ES, Cooper LT, Tung RH, White ES, Borges-Neto S, Di Carli MF, Gropler RJ, Ruddy TD, Schindler TH, Blankstein R; NAME OF COLLAB GROUP. Joint SNMMI-ASNC Expert Consensus Document on the Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Cardiac Sarcoid Detection and Therapy Monitoring. J Nucl Med. 2017 Aug;58(8):1341-1353. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.196287. PMID: 28765228; PMCID: PMC6944184.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28765228/
DePuey EG, Morley J, Leykekhman A.  Shifting breast attenuation artifact mimicking ischemia: Resolved with attenuation correction.  J Nucl Cardiol.  2019; 26:2142-7.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30460636/
Szuba A, Shin WS, Strauss HW, Rockson S. The third circulation: radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema. J Nucl Med. 2003 Jan;44(1):43-57. PMID: 12515876.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12515876/
Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, Dispenzieri A, Falk RH, Ferrari VA, Fontana M, Gheysens O, Gillmore JD, Glaudemans AWJM, Hanna MA, Hazenberg BPC, Kristen AV, Kwong RY, Maurer MS, Merlini G, Miller EJ, Moon JC, Murthy VL, Quarta CC, Rapezzi C, Ruberg FL, Shah SJ, Slart RHJA, Verberne HJ, Bourque JM. ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI Expert Consensus Recommendations for Multimodality Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Part 1 of 2-Evidence Base and Standardized Methods of Imaging. J Card Fail. 2019 Nov;25(11):e1-e39. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.08.001. Epub 2019 Aug 29. Erratum in: J Card Fail. 2022 Jul;28(7):e1-e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.06.012. PMID: 31473268.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31473268/   Schockling EJ, Farrell MB, Embry-Dierson M, Warren J, Jerome S. Cardiac Amyloidosis Imaging, Part 2: Quantification and Technical Considerations. J Nucl Med Technol. 2023 Jun;51(2):90-98. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.123.265416. Epub 2023 Jun 2. PMID: 37268318.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37268318/   Shetty M. A cardiology fellow’s take-home points from ASNC’s Webinar: Cases in Tc 99m-PYP evaluation of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis – interpretation and reporting. J Nucl Cardiol. 2021 Apr;28(2):604-609. doi: 10.1007/s12350-020-02516-3. Epub 2021 Mar 2. PMID: 33655447; PMCID: PMC7924912.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33655447/

Endocrine

Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites, 4th Edition. Ziessman et al.
Greenspan BS, Dillehay G, Intenzo C, Lavely WC, O’Doherty M, Palestro CJ, Scheve W, Stabin MG, Sylvestros D, Tulchinsky M. SNM practice guideline for parathyroid scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2012 Jun;40(2):111-8. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.112.105122. Epub 2012 Mar 27. PMID: 22454482.
Mittra ES, Niederkohr RD, Rodriguez C, El-Maghraby T, McDougall IR. Uncommon causes of thyrotoxicosis. J Nucl Med. 2008 Feb;49(2):265-78. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.107.041202. Epub 2008 Jan 16. PMID: 18199610.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18199610/
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, Pacini F, Randolph GW, Sawka AM, Schlumberger M, Schuff KG, Sherman SI, Sosa JA, Steward DL, Tuttle RM, Wartofsky L. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020. PMID: 26462967; PMCID: PMC4739132
Mettler, F. A., & Guiberteau, M. J. (2018). Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (7th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 9
Dong A, Cui Y, Wang Y, Zuo C, Bai Y. (18)F-FDG PET/CT of adrenal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014 Aug;203(2):245-52. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.11793. PMID: 25055255.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25055255/

Gastrointestinal

Perlman SB, Hall BS, Reichelderfer M. PET/CT imaging of inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Nucl Med. 2013;43(6):420-426. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.06.006
Janis O’Malley, Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites 4th Edition
Eldredge TA, Myers JC, Kiroff GK, Shenfine J. Detecting Bile Reflux-the Enigma of Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg. 2018 Feb;28(2):559-566. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-3026-6. PMID: 29230622. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29230622/
Chan DL, Hayes AR, Karfis I, Conner A, Furtado O’Mahony L, Mileva M, Bernard E, Roach P, Marin G, Pavlakis N, Schembri G, Gnanasegaran G, Marin C, Vanderlinden B, Navalkissoor S, Caplin ME, Flamen P, Toumpanakis C, Bailey DL. Dual [68Ga]DOTATATE and [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicentre validation of the NETPET score. Br J Cancer. 2023 Feb;128(4):549-555. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-02061-5. Epub 2022 Nov 25. PMID: 36434154; PMCID: PMC9938218.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36434154/
Sostre S, Kalloo AN, Spiegler EJ, Camargo EE, Wagner HN Jr. A noninvasive test of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in postcholecystectomy patients: the scintigraphic score. J Nucl Med. 1992 Jun;33(6):1216-22. PMID: 1597742.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1597742/
Ng TSC, Putta N, Kwatra NS, Drubach LA, Rosen R, Fahey FH, Flores A, Nurko S, Voss SD. Pediatric Solid Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy: Normative Value Guidelines and Nonstandard Meal Alternatives. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 Nov;115(11):1830-1839. PMID: 33156102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33156102/   Lai H, Vali R, Grant FD, Kwatra N, Chogle A, Bar-Sever Z, Zucchetta P, Gordon A, Smith L, Fisher T. The SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline for Pediatric Gastric Emptying. J Nucl Med Technol. 2025;53:198-204. PMID: 40169270.

Genitourinary

SNM guidelines http://snmmi.files.cms-plus.com/docs/Renovascular_Hypertention.pdf
Uliel L, Mellnick VM, Menias CO, Holz AL, McConathy J. Nuclear medicine in the acute clinical setting: indications, imaging findings, and potential pitfalls. Radiographics. 2013;33(2):375-396. doi:10.1148/rg.332125098
Boubaker A, Prior JO, Meuwly JY, Bischof-Delaloye A. Radionuclide investigations of the urinary tract in the era of multimodality imaging. J Nucl Med. 2006 Nov;47(11):1819-36. PMID: 17079816.  Taylor AT. Radionuclides in nephrourology, Part 2: pitfalls and diagnostic applications. J Nucl Med. 2014 May;55(5):786-98. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.133454. Epub 2014 Mar 3. PMID: 24591488; PMCID: PMC4451959.
Mittal BR, Kumar P, Arora P, Kher V, Singhal MK, Maini A, Das BK. Role of captopril renography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Aug;28(2):209-13. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(96)90303-0. PMID: 8768915.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8768915/
Majd M, Bar-Sever Z, Santos AI, De Palma D. The SNMMI and EANM Procedural Guidelines for Diuresis Renography in Infants and Children. J Nucl Med. 2018 Oct;59(10):1636-1640. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.215921. PMID: 30275286; PMCID: PMC6167528.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30275286/   Conway JJ, Maizels M. The “well-tempered” diuretic renogram: a standard method to examine the asymptomatic neonate with hydronephrosis or hydroureteronephrosis. A report from combined meetings of The Society for Fetal Urology and members of The Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Council–The Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med. 1992 Nov;33(11):2047-51. PMID: 1432172.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1432172/
Mettler FA, Guiberteau MJ.  Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.  7th Ed.  Elsevier.

Neurology

Chahid Y, Sheikh ZH, Mitropoulos M, Booij J. A systematic review of the potential effects of medications and drugs of abuse on dopamine transporter imaging using [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in routine practice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(7):1974-1987. doi:10.1007/s00259-023-06171-x
Toriihara A, Yamaga E, Nakadate M, Oyama J, Tateishi U. Detection of unexpected emergency diseases using FDG-PET/CT in oncology patients. Jpn J Radiol. 2017 Sep;35(9):539-545. doi: 10.1007/s11604-017-0664-5. Epub 2017 Jul 3. PMID: 28674772.
Minoshima S, Mosci K, Cross D, Thientunyakit T. Brain [F-18]FDG PET for Clinical Dementia Workup: Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Types of Dementing Disorders. Semin Nucl Med. 2021 May;51(3):230-240. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.01.002. Epub 2021 Feb 2. PMID: 33546814.
Ponisio MR, Zempel JM, Day BK, Eisenman LN, Miller-Thomas MM, Smyth MD, Hogan RE. The Role of SPECT and PET in Epilepsy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021 Mar;216(3):759-768. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.23336. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Deininger MH, Weyerbrock A. Gravitational valves in supine patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009 Jun;151(6):705-9; discussion 709. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0291-8. Epub 2009 Apr 1. PMID: 19337679.    MacDonald A, Burrell S. Infrequently performed studies in nuclear medicine: Part 1. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008 Sep;36(3):132-43; quiz 145. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.108.051383. Epub 2008 Aug 14. PMID: 18703616.
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Shaw LM, Aisen PS, Weiner MW, Petersen RC, Trojanowski JQ. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer’s pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jan;9(1):119-28. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70299-6. PMID: 20083042; PMCID: PMC2819840.

Oncology

Thomas K, Farrell MB. How to write a protocol: part 2. J Nucl Med Technol. 2015;43(1):8-12. doi:10.2967/jnmt.114.151837
Tirkes T, Hollar MA, Tann M, Kohli MD, Akisik F, Sandrasegaran K. Response criteria in oncologic imaging: review of traditional and new criteria. (2013) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 33 (5): 1323-41. doi:10.1148/rg.335125214
Adreview (Iobenguane I 123 Injection) full prescribing information.
Keidar Z, Israel O, Krausz Y. SPECT/CT in tumor imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications. Semin Nucl Med. 2003 Jul;33(3):205-18. doi: 10.1053/snuc.2003.127310. PMID: 12931322.
Abe Y, Tamura K, Sakata I, Ishida J, Mukai M, Ohtaki M, Nakamura M, Machida K. Unique intense uptake demonstrated by (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in primary pancreatic lymphoma: A case report. Oncol Lett. 2010 Jul;1(4):605-607. doi: 10.3892/ol_00000107. Epub 2010 Jul 1. PMID: 22966351; PMCID: PMC3436258.
Nadel HR. “Nuclear Oncology in Children”. Nuclear Medicine Annual 1996;143-193.
Deandreis D, Leboulleux S, Caramella C, Schlumberger M, Baudin E. FDG PET in the management of patients with adrenal masses and adrenocortical carcinoma. Horm Cancer. 2011 Dec;2(6):354-62. doi: 10.1007/s12672-011-0091-5. PMID: 22076881; PMCID: PMC10358045.
Mori H, Wakabayashi H, Saito S, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of whole-body MRI versus 123I-mIBG/131I-mIBG imaging in metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):13828. Published 2024 Jun 15. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64607-2   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38879654/
Juweid ME, Stroobants S, Hoekstra OS, et al. Use of positron emission tomography for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):571-578. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.08.2305
Yuan ST, Brown RK, Zhao L, ten Haken RK, Gross M, Cease KB, Schipper M, Stanton P, Yu J, Kong FM. Timing and intensity of changes in FDG uptake with symptomatic esophagitis during radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol. 2014 Jan 27;9(1):37. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-9-37. PMID: 24467939; PMCID: PMC3996188.
Treglia G, Salsano M, Stefanelli A, Mattoli MV, Giordano A, Bonomo L. Diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET and PET/CT in patients with Ewing sarcoma family tumors: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Skeletal Radiol. 2012 Mar;41(3):249-56. doi: 10.1007/s00256-011-1298-9. Epub 2011 Nov 10. PMID: 22072239.  McCarville MB, Christie R, Daw NC, Spunt SL, Kaste SC. PET/CT in the evaluation of childhood sarcomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Apr;184(4):1293-304. doi: 10.2214/ajr.184.4.01841293. PMID: 15788613.
Neville HL, Andrassy RJ, Lally KP, Corpron C, Ross MI. Lymphatic mapping with sentinel node biopsy in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Jun;35(6):961-4. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2000.6936. PMID: 10873044.  Grant FD, Maclellan RA, Greene AK. (2014) , Lymphoscintigraphy. In: S. Ted Treves ed. Pediatric nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 4th edition (pp. 189-202) Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London.
Iyer RB, Balachandran A, Bruzzi JF, Johnson V, Macapinlac HA, Munden RF. PET/CT and hepatic radiation injury in esophageal cancer patients. Cancer Imaging. 2007 Nov 26;7(1):189-94. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2007.0027. PMID: 18055293; PMCID: PMC2151325.
Hain KS, Pickhardt PJ, Lubner MG, Menias CO, Bhalla S. Presacral masses: multimodality imaging of a multidisciplinary space. Radiographics. 2013 Jul-Aug;33(4):1145-67. doi: 10.1148/rg.334115171. PMID: 23842976.
Motz K, Qualliotine JR, Rettig E, Richmon JD, Eisele DW, Fakhry C. Changes in Unknown Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck at Initial Presentation in the Era of Human Papillomavirus. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Mar;142(3):223-8. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.3228. PMID: 26769661.
Sacks A, Peller PJ, Surasi DS, Chatburn L, Mercier G, Subramaniam RM. Value of PET/CT in the management of primary hepatobiliary tumors, part 2. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Aug;197(2):W260-5. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.6995. PMID: 21785051.
Schoder H, Larson SM, SM.: Positron emission tomography for prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. Semin Nucl Med. 2004 Oct;34(4):274-92.  PMID: 15493005
Kaltsas G, Caplin M, Davies P, Ferone D, Garcia-Carbonero R, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Hörsch D, Tiensuu Janson E, Kianmanesh R, Kos-Kudla B, Pavel M, Rinke A, Falconi M, de Herder WW; Antibes Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Pre- and Perioperative Therapy in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105(3):245-254. doi: 10.1159/000461583. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28253514; PMCID: PMC5637287.
Hofman MS, Lau WF, Hicks RJ. Somatostatin receptor imaging with 68Ga DOTATATE.  PMID: 25763733
Bartel TB, Kuruva M, Gnanasegaran G, Beheshti M, Cohen EJ, Weissman AF, Yarbrough TL. SNMMI Procedure Standard for Bone Scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2018 Dec;46(4):398-404. PMID: 30518604.
Hope TA, Abbott A, Colucci K, Bushnell DL, Gardner L, Graham WS, Lindsay S, Metz DC, Pryma DA, Stabin MG, Strosberg JR. NANETS/SNMMI Procedure Standard for Somatostatin Receptor-Based Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. J Nucl Med. 2019 Jul;60(7):937-943. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.230607. PMID: 31263080.
Montoriol PF, Boudinaud C. Ovarian metastases from ileal neuroendocrine tumour: Multimodality imaging. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2019 Jun;63(3):349-351. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.12846. Epub 2018 Dec 26. PMID: 30585699.  Tripathy S, Naswa N, Jha P, Reddy S, Parida GK. Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor With Bilateral Breast and Ovarian Metastases: Findings on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Scan. Clin Nucl Med. 2019 Sep;44(9):e532-e534. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002685. PubMed PMID: 31274557.
Hall MN, Jagannathan JP, Ramaiya NH, Shinagare AB, Van den Abbeele AD. Imaging of extraosseous myeloma: CT, PET/CT, and MRI features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Nov;195(5):1057-65. doi: 10.2214/AJR.10.4384. PMID: 20966307.
Kumar M, Salem K, Jeffery JJ, Yan Y, Mahajan AM, Fowler AM. Longitudinal Molecular Imaging of Progesterone Receptor Reveals Early Differential Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer with an Activating ESR1 Mutation. J Nucl Med. 2021 Apr;62(4):500-506. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249508. Epub 2020 Aug 28. PMID: 32859700; PMCID: PMC8049365.
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, Pacini F, Randolph GW, Sawka AM, Schlumberger M, Schuff KG, Sherman SI, Sosa JA, Steward DL, Tuttle RM, Wartofsky L. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020. PMID: 26462967; PMCID: PMC4739132.
Pour MC, Simon-Corat Y, Horne T. Diffuse increased uptake on bone scan: super scan. Semin Nucl Med. 2004 Apr;34(2):154-6. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2003.12.005. PMID: 15031814.
Kwak JJ, Tirumani SH, Van den Abbeele AD, Koo PJ, Jacene HA. Cancer immunotherapy: imaging assessment of novel treatment response patterns and immune-related adverse events. Radiographics. 2015 Mar-Apr;35(2):424-37. doi: 10.1148/rg.352140121. PMID: 25763727.  Weber JS, Dummer R, de Pril V, Lebbé C, Hodi FS; MDX010-20 Investigators. Patterns of onset and resolution of immune-related adverse events of special interest with ipilimumab: detailed safety analysis from a phase 3 trial in patients with advanced melanoma. Cancer. 2013 May 1;119(9):1675-82. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27969. Epub 2013 Feb 7. PMID: 23400564.
Paes FM, Singer AD, Checkver AN, Palmquist RA, De La Vega G, Sidani C. Perineural spread in head and neck malignancies: clinical significance and evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Radiographics. 2013 Oct;33(6):1717-36. doi: 10.1148/rg.336135501. PMID: 24108559.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24108559/   Badger D, Aygun N. Imaging of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 2017 Jan;55(1):139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.006. PMID: 27890182.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27890182/
Pianou NK, Stavrou PZ, Vlontzou E, Rondogianni P, Exarhos DN, Datseris IE. More advantages in detecting bone and soft tissue metastases from prostate cancer using 18F-PSMA PET/CT. Hell J Nucl Med. 2019 Jan-Apr;22(1):6-9. doi: 10.1967/s002449910952. Epub 2019 Mar 7. PMID: 30843003.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30843003/
Sharp SE, Trout AT, Weiss BD, Gelfand MJ. MIBG in Neuroblastoma Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy. Radiographics. 2016 Jan-Feb;36(1):258-78. doi: 10.1148/rg.2016150099. PMID: 26761540.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26761540/
Koh MJ, Sadarangani SP, Chan YC, Chan MY, Tan AM, Tan SH, Tay YK, Ng SB. Aggressive subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma with hemophagocytosis in two children (subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Nov;61(5):875-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.01.045. Epub 2009 Sep 9. PMID: 19744747.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19744747/   Hung GD, Chen YH, Chen DY, Lan JL. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and skin lesions with characteristic high-resolution ultrasonographic findings. Clin Rheumatol. 2007 May;26(5):775-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-005-0193-y. Epub 2006 Feb 8. PMID: 16465478.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16465478/
Parida GK, Roy SG, Kumar R. FDG-PET/CT in Skeletal Muscle: Pitfalls and Pathologies. Semin Nucl Med. 2017 Jul;47(4):362-372. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PMID: 28583276.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583276/
Kumbhar SS, Qi J. Normal FDG uptake in the adenoids and palatine tonsils in children on PET/MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 2020 Jun;50(7):958-965. doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04650-z. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32198664.  Okuyama C, Matsushima S, Nishimura M, Yamada K. Increased 18F-FDG accumulation in the tonsils after chemotherapy for pediatric lymphoma: a common physiological phenomenon. Ann Nucl Med. 2019 May;33(5):368-373. doi: 10.1007/s12149-019-01337-w. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30689118.
Barrington SF, Kluge R. FDG PET for therapy monitoring in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017 Aug;44(Suppl 1):97-110. doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3690-8. Epub 2017 Apr 14. PMID: 28411336; PMCID: PMC5541086.
Chen MY, Franklin A, Yaxley J, Gianduzzo T, McBean R, Wong D, Tatkovic A, McEwan L, Walters J, Kua B. Solitary rib lesions showing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake in pre-treatment staging 68 Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography scans for men with prostate cancer: benign or malignant? BJU Int. 2020 Sep;126(3):396-401. doi: 10.1111/bju.15152. Epub 2020 Jul 28. PMID: 32592330.
Bhupathy SA, Huynh TV. Positive 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography 20 Years after Talc Pleurodesis. World J Nucl Med. 2022;21(4):325-328. Published 2022 Sep 2. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1750394
Meissner VH, Rauscher I, Schwamborn K, et al. Radical Prostatectomy Without Prior Biopsy Following Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography. Eur Urol. 2022;82(2):156-160. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.019
Bombardieri E, Giammarile F, Aktolun C, Baum RP, Bischof Delaloye A, Maffioli L, Moncayo R, Mortelmans L, Pepe G, Reske SN, Castellani MR, Chiti A; European Association for Nuclear Medicine. 131I/123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scintigraphy: procedure guidelines for tumour imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 Dec;37(12):2436-46. doi: 10.1007/s00259-010-1545-7. PMID: 20644928.
Kutaiba N, Ardalan Z, Patwala K, Lau E, Goodwin M, Gow P. Value of Bone Scans in Work-up of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Liver Transplant. Transplant Direct. 2018 Nov 23;4(12):e408. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000846. PMID: 30584589; PMCID: PMC6283090.  Wong DC. Malignant ascites visualized on a radionuclide bone scan. Australas Radiol. 1998 Aug;42(3):246-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1998.tb00507.x. PMID: 9727256.
Grabher BJ. 18F-Fluoroestradiol Whole-Body Imaging. J Nucl Med Technol. 2023 Sep;51(3):194-195. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.122.265271. PMID: 37669815.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37669815/
Zwezerijnen GJC, Eertink JJ, Ferrández MC, Wiegers SE, Burggraaff CN, Lugtenburg PJ, Heymans MW, de Vet HCW, Zijlstra JM, Boellaard R. Reproducibility of [18F]FDG PET/CT liver SUV as reference or normalisation factor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023 Jan;50(2):486-493. doi: 10.1007/s00259-022-05977-5. Epub 2022 Sep 27. PMID: 36166080; PMCID: PMC9816285.
Grabher BJ. Breast Cancer: Evaluating Tumor Estrogen Receptor Status with Molecular Imaging to Increase Response to Therapy and Improve Patient Outcomes. J Nucl Med Technol. 2020 Sep;48(3):191-201. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.119.239020. Epub 2020 Feb 28. Erratum in: J Nucl Med Technol. 2021 Mar;49(1):101. PMID: 32111662.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32111662/   Mankoff D, Balogová S, Dunnwald L, Dehdashti F, DeVries E, Evangelista L, Van Kruchten M, Vaz SC, Fowler A, Linden H, Ulaner GA. Summary: SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline for Estrogen Receptor Imaging of Patients with Breast Cancer Using 16α-[18F]Fluoro-17β-Estradiol PET. J Nucl Med. 2024 Feb 1;65(2):221-223. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266938. PMID: 38071554   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38071554/
Arce MB, Molina TC, Hernández TM, de la Cinta Calvo Morón M, Herrero CH, De La Riva Pérez PA, Montaño JC. Thymic uptake after high-dose I-131 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a brief review of possible causes and management. Endocrinol Nutr. 2015 Jan;62(1):19-23. doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2014.06.005. Epub 2014 Aug 24. PMID: 25160708.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25160708/   Haghighatafshar M, Farhoudi F. Incidentally Visualization of the Thymus on Whole-Body Iodine Scintigraphy: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Latest Insights. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Jul;94(26):e1015. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001015. PMID: 26131804; PMCID: PMC4504571.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26131804/
Baffour FI, Wenger DE, Broski SM. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging features of lipomatous tumors. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020 Feb 25;10(1):74-82. PMID: 32211221; PMCID: PMC7076300.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32211221/>
Kim J, Lee S, Kim D, Kim HJ, Oh KT, Kim SJ, Choi YD, Giesel FL, Kopka K, Hoepping A, Lee M, Yun M. Combination of [18F]FDG and [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT predicts tumour aggressiveness at staging and biochemical failure postoperatively in patients with prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024 May;51(6):1763-1772. doi: 10.1007/s00259-023-06585-7. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38200396.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38200396/
Tuncel M, Kılıçkap S, Süslü N. Clinical impact of   68  Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT imaging in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Ann Nucl Med. 2020 Sep;34(9):663-674. doi: 10.1007/s12149-020-01494-3. Epub 2020 Jun 29. PMID: 32602032.
Mankoff D, Balogová S, Dunnwald L, Dehdashti F, DeVries E, Evangelista L, Van Kruchten M, Vaz SC, Fowler A, Linden H, Ulaner GA. Summary: SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline for Estrogen Receptor Imaging of Patients with Breast Cancer Using 16α-[18F]Fluoro-17β-Estradiol PET. J Nucl Med. 2024 Feb 1;65(2):221-223. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266938. PMID: 38071554.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38071554/
Yun M, Cho A, Lee JH, Choi YJ, Lee JD, Kim CK. Physiologic 18F-FDG uptake in the fallopian tubes at mid cycle on PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2010 May;51(5):682-5. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.074484. Epub 2010 Apr 15. PMID: 20395322.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20395322/
Stein SA, Wartofsky L. Primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinical review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Aug;98(8):3131-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1428. Epub 2013 May 28. PMID: 23714679.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23714679/

Core

https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-I/part-35/subpart-M/section-35.3045
Sensakovic WF, Flores M, Hough M. Occupational Dose and Dose Limits: Experience in a Large Multisite Hospital System. J Am Coll Radiol. 2016 Jun;13(6):649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.01.014. Epub 2016 Mar 29. PMID: 27033162.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27033162/
Mettler, Fred A., Guiberteau, Milton J. 2006 Essential of nuclear medicine imaging 5th edition
Hofman MS, Hicks RJ, Maurer T, Eiber M. Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen PET: Clinical Utility in Prostate Cancer, Normal Patterns, Pearls, and Pitfalls. Radiographics. 2018 Jan-Feb;38(1):200-217. doi: 10.1148/rg.2018170108. PMID: 29320333.
Blodgett TM, Mehta AS, Mehta AS, Laymon CM, Carney J, Townsend DW. PET/CT artifacts. Clin Imaging. 2011;35(1):49-63. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2010.03.001
Vali R, Alessio A, Balza R, Borgwardt L, Bar-Sever Z, Czachowski M, Jehanno N, Kurch L, Pandit-Taskar N, Parisi M, Piccardo A, Seghers V, Shulkin BL, Zucchetta P, Lim R. SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline on Pediatric 18F-FDG PET/CT for Oncology 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2021 Jan;62(1):99-110. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.254110. PMID: 33334912; PMCID: PMC8679588.
Malan N, Vangu MD. Normal Variants, Pitfalls, and Artifacts in Ga-68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT Imaging. Front Nucl Med. 2022;2:825512. Published 2022 Feb 21. doi:10.3389/fnume.2022.825512
Osman MM, Muzaffar R, Altinyay ME, Teymouri C. FDG Dose Extravasations in PET/CT: Frequency and Impact on SUV Measurements. Front Oncol. 2011 Nov 16;1:41. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00041. PMID: 22655246; PMCID: PMC3356044.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22655246/

Therapy

American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ, Mazzaferri EL, McIver B, Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Sherman SI, Steward DL, Tuttle RM. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009 Nov;19(11):1167-214. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0110. Erratum in: Thyroid. 2010 Aug;20(8):942. Hauger, Bryan R [corrected to Haugen, Bryan R]. Erratum in: Thyroid. 2010 Jun;20(6):674-5. PMID: 19860577.
Strosberg J, El-Haddad G, Wolin E, Hendifar A, Yao J, Chasen B, Mittra E, Kunz PL, Kulke MH, Jacene H, Bushnell D, O’Dorisio TM, Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Caplin M, Lebtahi R, Hobday T, Delpassand E, Van Cutsem E, Benson A, Srirajaskanthan R, Pavel M, Mora J, Berlin J, Grande E, Reed N, Seregni E, Öberg K, Lopera Sierra M, Santoro P, Thevenet T, Erion JL, Ruszniewski P, Kwekkeboom D, Krenning E; NETTER-1 Trial Investigators. Phase 3 Trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 12;376(2):125-135. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607427. PMID: 28076709; PMCID: PMC5895095.
Xofigo package insert
https://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Xofigo_PI.pdf
Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, Angelos P, Benvenga S, Cerutti JM, Dinauer CA, Hamilton J, Hay ID, Luster M, Parisi MT, Rachmiel M, Thompson GB, Yamashita S; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force. Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2015 Jul;25(7):716-59. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0460. PMID: 25900731; PMCID: PMC4854274.
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229. Erratum in: Thyroid. 2017 Nov;27(11):1462. PMID: 27521067.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/
Bonta DV, Halkar RK, Alazraki N. Extravasation of a therapeutic dose of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine: prevention, dosimetry, and mitigation. J Nucl Med. 2011 Sep;52(9):1418-22. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.083725. Epub 2011 Jul 27. PMID: 21795365.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21795365/   van der Pol J, Vöö S, Bucerius J, Mottaghy FM. Consequences of radiopharmaceutical extravasation and therapeutic interventions: a systematic review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017 Jul;44(7):1234-1243. doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3675-7. Epub 2017 Mar 16. PMID: 28303300; PMCID: PMC5434120.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28303300/

Pulmonary

Parker JA, Coleman RE, Grady E, Royal HD, Siegel BA, Stabin MG, Sostman HD, Hilson AJ; Society of Nuclear Medicine. SNM practice guideline for lung scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2012 Mar;40(1):57-65. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.111.101386. Epub 2012 Jan 26. Erratum in: J Nucl Med Technol. 2016 Dec;44(4):271. PMID: 22282651.
Ventilation/Perfusion Scintigraphy , William G. Spies in Nuclear Medicine , Vol 2, Chapter 90, text book by Robert Henkin
Gandhi SJ, Babu S, Subramanyam P, Shanmuga Sundaram P. Tc-99m macro aggregated albumin scintigraphy – indications other than pulmonary embolism: A pictorial essay. Indian J Nucl Med. 2013;28(3):152-162. doi:10.4103/0972-3919.119546
Slavin JD Jr, Sherigar RM, Spencer RP. Ventilation-perfusion “reverse mismatch” from aspirated medication. Clin Nucl Med. 1998 Oct;23(10):719-20. doi: 10.1097/00003072-199810000-00025. PMID: 9790061.  Wartski M, Zerbib E, Regnard JF, Hervé P. Reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch in lung cancer suggests intrapulmonary functional shunting. J Nucl Med. 1998 Nov;39(11):1986-9. PMID: 9829595.
Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Schiebler ML, Leung ANC, Wild JM, Hoeper MM, Alderson PO, Goodman LR, Mayo J, Haramati LB, Ohno Y, Thistlethwaite P, van Beek EJR, Knight SL, Lynch DA, Rubin GD, Humbert M. Imaging of pulmonary hypertension in adults: a position paper from the Fleischner Society. Eur Respir J. 2021 Jan 5;57(1):2004455. doi: 10.1183/13993003.04455-2020. PMID: 33402372.  Pulmonary Hypertension: Pearls and Pitfalls of Diagnosis. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2016 Oct-Dec;12(4):199-204. doi: 10.14797/mdcj-12-4-199. PMID: 28289494; PMCID: PMC5344469.
Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, S. Ted Treves, Chapter 6.

Musculoskeletal

Palestro C, Clark A, Grady E, et al. Appropriate Use Criteria for the Use of Nuclear Medicine in Musculoskeletal Infection Imaging. J Nucl Med. Published online September 30, 2021. doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.262579
Cheon M, Yoo J. Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(9):1627. Published 2021 Sep 6. doi:10.3390/diagnostics11091627
Askari E, Shakeri S, Roustaei H, et al. Superscan Pattern on Bone Scintigraphy: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(19):2229. Published 2024 Oct 6. doi:10.3390/diagnostics14192229
Adams C, Banks KP. Bone Scan. 2023 Aug 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30285381.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30285381/
Morag Y, Morag-Hezroni M, Jamadar DA, Ward BB, Jacobson JA, Zwetchkenbaum SR, Helman J. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a pictorial review.  Radiographics. 2009 Nov;29(7):1971-84. doi: 10.1148/rg.297095050.  PMID: 19926757.
Hod N, Levi Y, Fire G, Cohen I, Ayash D, Somekh M, Horne T. Scintigraphic characteristics of non-ossifying fibroma in military recruits undergoing bone scintigraphy for suspected stress fractures and lower limb pains. Nucl Med Commun. 2007 Jan;28(1):25-33. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328012e3de. PMID: 17159546.  Dumitriu DI, Menten R, Clapuyt P. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of common benign bone tumours in children. Insights Imaging. 2014 Dec;5(6):645-55. doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0356-y. Epub 2014 Sep 26. PMID: 25256565; PMCID: PMC4263798.