CE Exam Based Reference Study Guide

Table of Contents
Cardiovascular

  • ACR‐SNM‐SPR practice guideline for the performance of cardiac scintigraphy.
  • Botvinick EH. Current methods of pharmacologic stress testing and the potential advantages of new agents. J Nucl Med Technol. 2009 Mar;37(1):14‐25. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.108.057802. PMID: 19258260.
  • Agarwal V, DePuey EG. Regadenoson and seizures: a real clinical concern. J Nucl Cardiol. 2014 Oct;21(5):869‐70. doi: 10.1007/s12350‐014‐9970‐9. Epub 2014 Aug 23. PMID: 25150095.
  • AHA guidelines for CPR and ECC 2015
  • ASNC Practice point 2009. www.asnc.org 
Cerci RJ, Arbab‐Zadeh A, George RT, Miller JM, Vavere AL, Mehra V, Yoneyama K, Texter J, Foster C, Guo W, Cox C, Brinker J, Di Carli M, Lima JA. Aligning coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion territories: an algorithm for the CORE320 multicenter study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Sep 1;5(5):587‐95. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.970608. Epub 2012 Aug 10. PMID: 22887690.
  • Chatal JF, Rouzet F, Haddad F, Bourdeau C, Mathieu C, Le Guludec D. Story of Rubidium82 and Advantages for Myocardial Perfusion PET Imaging. Front Med (Lausanne). 2015 Sep 11;2:65. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00065. PMID: 26442267; PMCID: PMC4566054.
  • Ghotbi AA, Kjaer A, Hasbak P. Review: comparison of PET rubidium‐82 with conventional SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2014 May;34(3):163‐70. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12083. Epub 2013 Sep 13. PMID: 24028171; PMCID: PMC4204510.
  • Chen W, Ton VK, Dilsizian V. Clinical Phenotyping of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis with Bone‐Seeking Radiotracers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018 Mar 8;20(4):23. doi: 10.1007/s11886‐018‐0970‐2. Review. PubMed PMID: 29520480.  Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Delbeke D, Abbara S, DePuey EG, Dilsizian V, Forrester J, Janowitz W, Kaufmann PA, Mahmarian J, Moore SC, Stabin MG, Shreve P. SNMMI/ASNC/SCCT guideline for cardiac SPECT/CT and PET/CT 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2013 Aug;54(8):1485‐507. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.105155. Epub 2013 Jun 18. PMID: 23781013.
  • Henzlova MJ, Cerqueira MD, Hansen CL, et al. Stress protocols and tracers. ASNC guidelines.
  • Henzlova MJ, Duvall WL, Einstein AJ, Travin MI, Verberne HJ. ASNC imaging guidelines for SPECT nuclear cardiology procedures: Stress, protocols, and tracers. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016 Jun;23(3):606‐39. doi: 10.1007/s12350‐015‐0387‐x. Erratum in: J Nucl Cardiol. 2016 Jun;23(3):640‐2. PMID: 26914678.
  • Krueger M, Cronin P, Sayyouh M, Kelly AM. Significant incidental cardiac disease on thoracic CT: what the general radiologist needs to know. Insights Imaging. 2019 Feb 6;10(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13244‐019‐0693‐y. PMID: 30725202; PMCID: PMC6365314.
    Ko SM, Hwang SH, Lee HJ. Role of Cardiac Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Myocardial Diseases. J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Apr;27(2):73‐92. doi: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e17. PMID: 30993942; PMCID: PMC6470070.
  • Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites
  • Ohira H, Tsujino I, Yoshinaga K. ¹8F‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in cardiac sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011 Sep;38(9):1773‐83. doi: 10.1007/s00259‐011‐1832‐y. Epub 2011 May 11. PMID: 21559980.
  • Peterson LR, Gropler RJ. Radionuclide imaging of myocardial metabolism. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010 Mar;3(2):211‐22. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.109.860593. PMID: 20233863; PMCID: PMC2892800.
  • Rodgers GP, Ayanian JZ, Balady G, Beasley JW, Brown KA, Gervino EV, Paridon S, Quinones M, Schlant RC, Winters WL Jr, Achord JL, Boone AW, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Lorell BH, Rodgers GP, Tracy CM, Weitz HH. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Competence statement on stress testing: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians‐‐American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force on Clinical Competence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Oct;36(4):1441‐53. doi: 10.1016/s0735‐1097(00)01029‐9. PMID: 11028516.
  • Sah BR, Husmann L, Mayer D, Scherrer A, Rancic Z, Puippe G, Weber R, Hasse B; VASGRA Cohort. Diagnostic performance of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT in vascular graft infections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015 Apr;49(4):455‐64. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.12.024. Epub 2015 Jan 31. PMID: 25648371.
  • Wackers FJT and Zaret BL: Nuclear Cardiology: The basics
  • Zerizer I, Tan K, Khan S, Barwick T, Marzola MC, Rubello D, Al‐Nahhas A. Role of FDG‐PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of vasculitis. Eur J Radiol. 2010 Mar;73(3):504‐9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.01.021. Epub 2010 Feb 20. PMID: 20172676.
  • Ziessman HA, O’Malley JP, Thrall JH. Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites, 4e. 2013.

Endocrine

  • Greenspan BS, Dillehay G, Intenzo C, Lavely WC, O’Doherty M, Palestro CJ, Scheve W, Stabin MG, Sylvestros D, Tulchinsky M. SNM practice guideline for parathyroid scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2012 Jun;40(2):111‐8. doi:10.2967/jnmt.112.105122. Epub 2012 Mar 27. PubMed PMID: 22454482.
  • https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/208700s000lbl.pdf
  • Strosberg J, El‐Haddad G, Wolin E, Hendifar A, Yao J, Chasen B, Mittra E, Kunz PL, Kulke MH, Jacene H, Bushnell D, O’Dorisio TM, Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Caplin M, Lebtahi R, Hobday T, Delpassand E, Van Cutsem E, Benson A, Srirajaskanthan R, Pavel M, Mora J, Berlin J, Grande E, Reed N, Seregni E, Öberg K, Lopera Sierra M, Santoro P, Thevenet T, Erion JL, Ruszniewski P, Kwekkeboom D, Krenning E; NETTER‐1 Trial Investigators. Phase 3 Trial of 177Lu‐Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 12;376(2):125‐135. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607427. PMID: 28076709; PMCID: PMC5895095.
  • Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites, 4th Edition. Ziessman et al.
  • Role of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in localization of ectopic parathyroid adenoma: a pictorial case series and review of the current literature. Akram K, Parker JA, Donohoe K, Kolodny G.

Gastrointestinal

  • Donohoe KJ, Maurer AH, Ziessman HA, Urbain JL, Royal HD, Martin‐Comin J; Society for Nuclear Medicine; American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society. Procedure guideline for adult solid‐meal gastric‐emptying study 3.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2009 Sep;37(3):196‐200. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.109.067843. Epub 2009 Aug 19. PMID: 19692450.
  • Kwatra N, Shalaby‐Rana E, Narayanan S, Mohan P, Ghelani S, Majd M. Phenobarbitalenhanced hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of biliary atresia: two decades of experience at a tertiary center. Pediatr Radiol. 2013 Oct;43(10):1365‐75. doi: 10.1007/s00247‐013‐2704‐3. Epub 2013 May 11. PMID: 23666168.
  • Martins BC, Retes FA, Medrado BF, de Lima MS, Pennacchi CM, Kawaguti FS, SafatleRibeiro AV, Uemura RS, Maluf‐Filho F. Endoscopic management and prevention of migrated esophageal stents. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Feb 16;6(2):49‐54. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v6.i2.49. PMID: 24567792; PMCID: PMC3930890.
  • Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites   Eds: Ziesman et al
  • Tulchinsky M, Ciak BW, Delbeke D, Hilson A, Holes‐Lewis KA, Stabin MG, Ziessman HA; Society of Nuclear Medicine. SNM practice guideline for hepatobiliary scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2010 Dec;38(4):210‐8. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.110.082289. Epub 2010 Nov 15. Erratum in: J Nucl Med Technol. 2012 Sep;40(3):17A. Dosage error in article text. PMID: 21078782.
  • Ziessman HA. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 2014. J Nucl Med. 2014 Jun;55(6):967‐75. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131490. Epub 2014 Apr 17. PMID: 24744445.
  • Smith EA, Dillman JR, Elsayes KM, Menias CO, Bude RO. Cross‐sectional imaging of acute and chronic gallbladder inflammatory disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jan;192(1):18896. doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.3803. PMID: 19098200.

Genitourinary

  • Case Review Series, Nuclear Medicine, 2nd edition, pp. 105‐106
  • Dubovsky EV, Russell CD, Bischof‐Delaloye A, Bubeck B, Chaiwatanarat T, Hilson AJ, Rutland M, Oei HY, Sfakianakis GN, Taylor A Jr. Report of the Radionuclides in Nephrourology Committee for evaluation of transplanted kidney (review of techniques). Semin Nucl Med. 1999 Apr;29(2):175‐88. doi: 10.1016/s0001‐2998(99)80007‐5. PMID: 10321828.
  • Shulkin BL, Mandell GA, Cooper JA, Leonard JC, Majd M, Parisi MT, Sfakianakis GN, Balon HR, Donohoe KJ. Procedure guideline for diuretic renography in children 3.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008 Sep;36(3):162‐8. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.108.056622. PMID: 18765635.
  • Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guideline for SNMMI Procedure Standard for Renovascular Hypertension 3.0

Neurology

  • Bohnen NI, Djang DS, Herholz K, Anzai Y, Minoshima S. Effectiveness and safety of 18FFDG PET in the evaluation of dementia: a review of the recent literature. J Nucl Med. 2012 Jan;53(1):59‐71. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.096578. Epub 2011 Dec 15. PMID: 22173840.
  • DatScan package insert.
  • Iizuka T, Kameyama M. Cingulate island sign on FDG‐PET is associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies. Ann Nucl Med. 2016 Jul;30(6):4219. doi: 10.1007/s12149‐016‐1076‐9. Epub 2016 Apr 20. PMID: 27098829.
  • Patterson L, Firbank MJ, Colloby SJ, Attems J, Thomas AJ, Morris CM. Neuropathological Changes in Dementia With Lewy Bodies and the Cingulate Island Sign. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2019 May 24;78(8):717–24. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlz047. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31271438; PMCID: PMC6640897.
  • Lewis DH, Graham MM. Benefit of tomography in the scintigraphic localization of cerebrospinal fluid leak. J Nucl Med. 1991 Nov;32(11):2149‐51. PMID: 1941153.
  • Valotassiou V, Leondi A, Angelidis G, Psimadas D, Georgoulias P. SPECT and PET imaging of meningiomas. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:412580. doi: 10.1100/2012/412580. Epub 2012 May 1. PMID: 22623896; PMCID: PMC3353476.

Oncology

  • Abe Y, Tamura K, Sakata I, Ishida J, Mukai M, Ohtaki M, Nakamura M, Machida K. Unique intense uptake demonstrated by (18)F‐FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in primary pancreatic lymphoma: A case report. Oncol Lett. 2010 Jul;1(4):605‐607. doi: 10.3892/ol_00000107. Epub 2010 Jul 1. PMID: 22966351; PMCID: PMC3436258.
  • Allen BC, Francis IR. Adrenal Imaging and Intervention. Radiol Clin North Am. 2015 Sep;53(5):1021‐35. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.05.004. PMID: 26321451.
  • Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Kostakoglu L, Meignan M, Hutchings M, Müeller SP, Schwartz LH, Zucca E, Fisher RI, Trotman J, Hoekstra OS, Hicks RJ, O’Doherty MJ, Hustinx R, Biggi A, Cheson BD. Role of imaging in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3048‐58. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.5229. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2016 Jul 20;34(21):2562. PMID: 25113771; PMCID: PMC5015423.
  • Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Loman N, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, AntonCulver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tulinius H, Thorlacius S, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Syrjäkoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Thompson D, Evans C, Peto J, Lalloo F, Evans DG, Easton DF. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 May;72(5):1117‐30. doi: 10.1086/375033. Epub 2003 Apr 3. Erratum in: Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Sep;73(3):709. PMID: 12677558; PMCID: PMC1180265.
  • Liu Y. Benign ovarian and endometrial uptake on FDG PET‐CT: patterns and pitfalls. Ann Nucl Med. 2009 Feb;23(2):107‐12. doi: 10.1007/s12149‐008‐0227‐z. Epub 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19225932.
  • Parise CA, Caggiano V. Breast Cancer Survival Defined by the ER/PR/HER2 Subtypes and a Surrogate Classification according to Tumor Grade and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;2014:469251. doi: 10.1155/2014/469251. Epub 2014 May 26. PMID: 24955090; PMCID: PMC4058253.
  • Bartel TB, Kuruva M, Gnanasegaran G, Beheshti M, Cohen EJ, Weissman AF, Yarbrough TL. SNMMI Procedure Standard for Bone Scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2018 Dec;46(4):398‐404. PubMed PMID: 30518604.
  • Blake MA, McKernan M, Setty B, Fischman AJ, Mueller PR. Renal oncocytoma displaying intense activity on 18F‐FDG PET. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Jan;186(1):269‐70. doi: 10.2214/AJR.05.0110. PMID: 16357422.
  • Thoenes W, Störkel S, Rumpelt HJ. Histopathology and classification of renal cell tumors (adenomas, oncocytomas and carcinomas). The basic cytological and histopathological elements and their use for diagnostics. Pathol Res Pract. 1986 May;181(2):125‐43. doi: 10.1016/S0344‐0338(86)80001‐2. PMID: 3737468.
  • Zukotynski K, Lewis A, O’Regan K, Jacene H, Sakellis C, Krajewski K, Israel D. PET/CT and renal pathology: a blind spot for radiologists? Part 1, primary pathology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Aug;199(2):W163‐7. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.7790. PMID
  • Blumenkrantz Y, Bruno GL, González CJ, Namías M, Osorio AR, Parma P. Characterization of Elastofibroma Dorsi with (18)FDG PET/CT: a retrospective study. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2011 Nov‐Dec;30(6):342‐5. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.remn.2011.01.006. Epub 2011 Apr 3. PMID: 21466907.
  • Ochsner JE, Sewall SA, Brooks GN, Agni R. Best cases from the AFIP: Elastofibroma dorsi. Radiographics. 2006 Nov‐Dec;26(6):1873‐6. doi: 10.1148/rg.266055184. PMID: 17102057.
  • Boellaard R, Delgado‐Bolton R, Oyen WJ, Giammarile F, Tatsch K, Eschner W, Verzijlbergen FJ, Barrington SF, Pike LC, Weber WA, Stroobants S, Delbeke D, Donohoe KJ, Holbrook S, Graham MM, Testanera G, Hoekstra OS, Zijlstra J, Visser E, Hoekstra CJ, Pruim J, Willemsen A, Arends B, Kotzerke J, Bockisch A, Beyer T, Chiti A, Krause BJ; European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). FDG PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour imaging: version 2.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015 Feb;42(2):328‐54. doi: 10.1007/s00259‐014‐2961‐x. Epub 2014 Dec 2. PMID: 25452219; PMCID: PMC4315529.
  • Roy FN, Beaulieu S, Boucher L, Bourdeau I, Cohade C. Impact of intravenous insulin on 18F‐FDG PET in diabetic cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2009 Feb;50(2):178‐83. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.056283. Epub 2009 Jan 21. PubMed PMID: 19164226.
  • Bouchelouche K, Turkbey B, Choyke PL. PET/CT and MRI in Bladder Cancer. J Cancer Sci Ther. 2012 Jul 30;S14(1):7692. doi: 10.4172/1948‐5956.S14‐001. PMID: 23471167; PMCID: PMC3587689.
  • Cachin F, Prince HM, Hogg A, Ware RE, Hicks RJ. Powerful prognostic stratification by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with high‐dose chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 1;24(19):302631. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.6326. Epub 2006 May 22. PMID: 16717291.
  • Carlson RW, Anderson BO, Burstein HJ, Carter WB, Edge SB, Farrar WB, Goldstein LJ, Gradishar WJ, Hayes DF, Hudis CA, Jahanzeb M, Ljung BM, Kiel K, Marks LB, McCormick B, Nabell LM, Pierce LJ, Reed EC, Silver SM, Smith ML, Somlo G, Theriault RL, Ward JH, Winer EP, Wolff AC. Invasive breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Mar;5(3):246‐312. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2007.0025. PMID: 17439758.
  • Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, Cavalli F, Schwartz LH, Zucca E, Lister TA; Alliance, Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; European  Mantle  Cell  Lymphoma  Consortium;  Italian  Lymphoma Foundation; European Organisation for Research; Treatment of Cancer/Dutch Hemato‐Oncology Group; Grupo Español de Médula Ósea; German High‐Grade Lymphoma Study Group; German Hodgkin’s Study Group; Japanese Lymphorra Study Group; Lymphoma Study Association; NCIC Clinical Trials Group; Nordic Lymphoma Study Group; Southwest Oncology Group; United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3059‐68. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8800. PMID: 25113753; PMCID: PMC4979083.
  • Cronin CG, Harisinghani MG, Catalano O, Blake MA. Multitechnique imaging findings of Prolene plug hernia repair. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Sep;195(3):701‐6. doi: 10.2214/AJR.09.4142. PMID: 20729449.
  • EANM procedure guidelines for 131I‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (131I‐mIBG) therapy.  Giammarile F, Chiti A, Lassmann M, Brans B, Flux G; EANM.
  • Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumors: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009 Jan;45(2):228‐47. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026. PMID: 19097774.
  • Elbanna KY, Khalili K, O’Malley M, Chawla T. Imaging and implications of tumor thrombus in abdominal malignancies: reviewing the basics. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2019 Nov 6. doi: 10.1007/s00261‐019‐02282‐y. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 31696267.
  • Lim TC, Tan EH, Zaheer S. Use of Ga‐68 DOTATATE PET/CT to confirm portal vein tumor thrombosis in a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Jun;36(6):498‐9. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e318217398b. PubMed PMID: 21552039.
  • Erasmus JJ, Rohren EM, Hustinx R. PET and PET/CT in the Diagnosis and Staging of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers. PET Clin. 2008 Apr;3(2):135‐45. doi: 10.1016/j.cpet.2008.09.002. Epub 2008 Dec 6. PMID: 27156458.
  • Gontier E, Fourme E, Wartski M, Blondet C, Bonardel G, Le Stanc E, Mantzarides M, Foehrenbach H, Pecking AP, Alberini JL. High and typical 18F‐FDG bowel uptake in patients treated with metformin. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008 Jan;35(1):95‐9. doi: 10.1007/s00259‐007‐0563‐6. Epub 2007 Sep 5. PMID: 17786437.
  • Ozülker T, Ozülker F, Mert M, Ozpaçaci T. Clearance of the high intestinal (18)F‐FDG uptake associated with metformin after stopping the drug. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 May;37(5):1011‐7. doi: 10.1007/s00259‐009‐1330‐7. Epub 2010 Jan 27. PMID: 20107796.
  • Hain KS, Pickhardt PJ, Lubner MG, Menias CO, Bhalla S. Presacral masses: multimodality imaging of a multidisciplinary space. Radiographics. 2013 Jul‐Aug;33(4):1145‐67. doi: 10.1148/rg.334115171. PMID: 23842976.
    harp SE, Parisi MT, Gelfand MJ, Yanik GA, Shulkin BL. Functional‐metabolic imaging of neuroblastoma. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Mar;57(1):6‐20. Review. PubMed PMID: 23474631.
  • Helms CA, Vogler JB 3rd, Hardy DC. CT of the lumbar spine: normal variants and pitfalls. Radiographics. 1987 May;7(3):447‐63. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.7.3.3448643. PMID: 3448643.
  • Hofman MS, Lau WF, Hicks RJ. Somatostatin receptor imaging with 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT: clinical utility, normal patterns, pearls, and pitfalls in interpretation. Radiographics. 2015;35(2):500‐16. doi: 10.1148/rg.352140164. PubMed PMID: 25763733.
  • HofCCkel T, Kotzerke J. (68)Ga DOTATATE uptake in vertebral hemangioma. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(5):462‐3. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000000282. PubMed PMID: 24152639.
  • Hope TA, Abbott A, Colucci K, Bushnell DL, Gardner L, Graham WS, Lindsay S, Metz DC, Pryma DA, Stabin MG, Strosberg JR. NANETS/SNMMI Procedure Standard for Somatostatin Receptor‐Based Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177LuDOTATATE. J Nucl Med. 2019 Jul;60(7):937‐943. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.230607. PMID: 31263080.
  • Hope TA, Bergsland EK, Bozkurt MF, Graham M, Heaney AP, Herrmann K, Howe JR, Kulke MH, Kunz PL, Mailman J, May L, Metz DC, Millo C, O’Dorisio S, Reidy‐
  • Lagunes DL, Soulen MC, Strosberg JR. Appropriate Use Criteria for Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging in Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Nucl Med. 2018 Jan;59(1):66‐74. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.202275. Epub 2017 Oct 12. PMID: 29025982; PMCID: PMC6910630.
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  • Joint Commission Perspectives, July 2007, Volume 27, issue 7
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